What is AIS and How Does It Improve Maritime Safety?
Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a vital marine technology that enhances navigation and collision prevention by allowing vessels to broadcast and receive real-time information about their position, identity, course, and speed. This system ensures that vessels are visible to nearby ships and shore stations, creating a digital “electronic visibility” network.
AIS operates using packet radio, a digital broadcasting system that connects a radio transceiver to a computer. It does not replace radar systems but works alongside them, providing comprehensive vessel tracking and safety data.
How Does AIS Work?
AIS broadcasts on VHF radio frequencies, specifically on channels 70 and 87, which were initially assigned for digital selective calling (DSC). These broadcasts can be received by other vessels, shore stations, and even satellites, forming an integrated vessel traffic management system.
Types of AIS: Which One Do You Need?
AIS devices come in three classes, each offering different levels of functionality:
Class C AIS (Receive-Only AIS)
- Function: Allows users to monitor other vessels but does not transmit their own vessel’s data.
- Usage: Suitable for recreational boaters who only need situational awareness without broadcasting their position.
- Cost: The lowest-priced Class C AIS systems start at around $86.
Class B AIS (Two-Way Communication for Recreational Vessels)
- Function: Transmits tracking data while also receiving AIS broadcasts from other ships.
- Performance: Can operate on VHF-only frequencies or be satellite-enabled for long-range tracking.
- Range: A standard Class B VHF AIS transmits signals up to 40 miles, depending on factors like antenna height, terrain, and weather conditions.
- When to Choose Satellite AIS? If you sail beyond local waters or venture into open seas, consider Class B Satellite AIS, which transmits on 12.56 GHz within the KU band and is supported by LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites.
- Cost: Prices range between $695 and $1,595, depending on satellite capability.
Class A AIS (Commercial and Large Vessel AIS)
- Function: Required for passenger-carrying vessels and ships over 300 gross tons, offering the most advanced tracking capabilities.
- Features: High-power transmission, satellite-enabled tracking, and real-time global visibility via AIS satellites.
- Cost: Ranges from $2,500 to $4,000.
How Do AIS Satellites Operate?
AIS-equipped satellites are designed to monitor open ocean traffic and collect AIS messages from ships. These messages are stored and transmitted in bursts to ground stations when the satellites pass overhead.
Key Advantages of Satellite AIS (S-AIS)
- Global coverage, making it critical for tracking vessels in remote areas.
- Enhanced maritime safety, especially in busy or high-risk shipping lanes.
- Real-time distress monitoring, helping authorities respond to emergencies faster.
Why Should You Install an AIS System on Your Vessel?
If you operate a vessel, installing AIS maritime safety technology is a smart investment. Even a basic receive-only AIS system can help improve your awareness and safety.
- Local Trips: A Class C AIS is sufficient for tracking nearby vessels.
- Coastal Sailing: A Class B AIS ensures that your vessel is visible to others and provides real-time location updates.
- Open Water and Global Navigation: A Class A AIS or Satellite-enabled AIS offers comprehensive tracking for maximum safety and compliance.
AIS plays a crucial role in maritime safety, helping captains, crews, and maritime authorities reduce the risk of collisions and improve situational awareness. Whether you are a recreational boater or a commercial vessel operator, choosing the right AIS maritime safety system ensures safer voyages and better navigation efficiency.